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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Achievement ideology ： ウィキペディア英語版 Achievement ideology Achievement Ideology is the belief that one reaches a socially perceived definition of success through hard work and education. In this view, factors such as gender, race/ethnicity, economic background, social networks, or neighborhoods/geography are secondary to hard work and education or are altogether irrelevant in the pursuit of success. ==Contemporary analysis of achievement ideology== In 2002, Sandra L. Barnes,〔Barnes, Sandra L. “Achievement or Ascription Ideology?: An Analysis of Attitudes about Future Success for Residents in Poor Urban Neighborhoods.” Sociological Focus. 35.2 (2002): 207-225.〕 offered that people who believe in the American achievement ideology most likely blame underachievement on attitudinal or moral differences among individuals. For those who disagree with the achievement ideology, this difference in attitude is most likely the result of an oppositional response to negative institutional and structural forces. In her study, Barnes found that those who most benefit from achievement ideology (white males in higher class neighborhoods, for example) are most likely to espouse the achievement ideology. For example, African Americans are more likely than whites to believe that race is an ascribed trait that helps some achieve success more easily than others, and those with higher incomes are more likely to claim that having a strong social network is an unimportant factor for success. All respondent groups, however, believe that education and hard work are most important for success, proving that achievement ideology is alive and well. Ultimately, Barnes argues that success is best reached when one has an achievement-oriented attitude coupled with the actual ability to accomplish one’s goals. While most people might have the proper attitude, structural factors can keep them from achieving. Donna Y. Ford 〔Ford, Donna Y. and J. John Harris, III. “The American Achievement Ideology and Achievement Differentials among Preadolescent Gifted and Nongifted African American Males and Females.” Journal of Negro Education. 61.1 (1992): 45-64.〕 sought to discover the differences in ideologies between male and female and gifted and nongifted African American students. Ford describes four theories on achievement ideology… 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Achievement ideology」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.